Bioclimatic Models in Entomology

Because climate has such a profound effect on the distribution and abundance of invertebrates, quantification of climatic influences on insects has been of considerable interest to entomologists for well over a century. While simple predictive models were developed early on, easier access to computers in the 1970s resulted in the development of computer based models to predict the biotic potential of insects in relation to climate. Simple bioclimatic models are oft en used to predict population events so that control methods can be more precisely applied, reducing costs to the grower as well as insecticide use. Decreased insecticide use helps preserve natural enemies, reduces insecticide residues in crops, and delays the development of insecticide resistance. Other benefits are the conservation of petroleum products, increased safety to farm workers, local residents and the environment. Additionally, models of insect biotic potential and life cycle timing can increase the precision of sampling and monitoring programs, and application of biological control procedures. More complex bioclimatic assessment models have been designed to predict the potential establishment and distribution of insect species, often to assess the risk of invasion into areas where they are not normally found.